Drug Fact Sheet Ketamine DOJ / DEA

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for short-term sedation and anesthesia in humans and animals, and it is also FDA-approved as a nasal spray (Spravato®) for treatment-resistant depression. It is abused recreationally for its hallucinogenic effects, often at raves and nightclubs, and is associated with slang terms like "Special K" and "K-hole." Ketamine can distort perceptions, cause amnesia, and lead to physical effects such as increased heart rate, muscle stiffness, and nausea. Overdose risks include unconsciousness and slowed breathing, and it has been misused to facilitate sexual assault. Classified as a Schedule III substance in the U.S., ketamine has accepted medical uses but carries a risk of abuse and dependence.

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